Creating antimatter1/26/2024 The team's discoveries are of fundamental importance because the phenomenon they explored can accompany the laser-matter interaction at extreme intensities within a wider range of parameters. "By analyzing the positron motion in the electromagnetic fields in front of the foil analytically, we discovered that some characteristics of the motion regulate positron distribution and led to helical-like structures being observed in the simulations," he added. They were also able to observe a distinct structure of the positron distribution in the simulations - despite some randomness of the processes of photon emission and decay. This led to an exponential - very sharp - growth of the number of positrons, which means that if we detect a larger number of positrons in a corresponding experiment we can conclude that most of them are generated in a QED cascade." "Our first surprise was that the number of high-energy photons produced by the positrons is much greater than that produced by the electrons of the foil. "We expected to produce a large number of high-energy photons, and that some portion of them would decay and produce electron-positron pairs," Kostyukov continued. A QED cascade leads to an avalanche-like production of electron-positron high-energy photon plasmas."įor this work, the researchers explored the interaction of a very intense laser pulse with a foil via numerical simulations. Then, the decay of high-energy photons produces electron-positron pairs, which go on to new generations of cascade particles. This is followed by emission of high-energy photons by the accelerated electrons and positrons. "It begins with acceleration of electrons and positrons within the laser field. "Think of it as a chain reaction in which each chain link consists of sequential processes," Kostyukov said. One impressive manifestation of this type of QED phenomenon is a self-sustained laser-driven QED cascade, which is a grand challenge yet to be observed in a laboratory. "The field can convert these types of particles from a virtual state, in which the particles aren't directly observable, to a real one." As a result, a new state of matter emerges: strongly interacting particles, optical fields, and gamma radiation, whose dynamics are governed by the interplay between classical physics phenomena and quantum processes.Ī key concept behind the team's work is based on the quantum electrodynamics (QED) prediction that "a strong electric field can, generally speaking, 'boil the vacuum,' which is full of 'virtual particles,' such as electron-positron pairs," explained Igor Kostyukov of IAP RAS. The high-energy photons produced by this process interact with the strong laser field and create electron-positron pairs. Strong electric fields cause electrons to undergo huge radiation losses because a significant amount of their energy is converted into gamma rays - high-energy photons, which are the particles that make up light. In other words: They've calculated how to create matter and antimatter via lasers. Now, intriguing calculations from a research team at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), and reported this week in Physics of Plasmas, from AIP Publishing, explain the production and dynamics of electrons and positrons from ultrahigh-intensity laser-matter interactions.
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